Public Health Nursing Acts in Emergency Disasteres Free Essays

he task for this paper gets some information about a debacle that could occur in my locale. A fiasco is any regular or human-made episode that causes interruption, as well as destruction needing outside help (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012, p.508). We will compose a custom exposition test on General Health Nursing Acts in Emergency Disasteres or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The motivation behind the paper is to give data how the expert medical attendant respond in the network when a fiasco happen. The catastrophe chose for the paper is a substance plant fire blasts. I live in a region that is accounted for to have many synthetic plants. As far as human-made calamity counteraction, the medical attendant ought to know about high-chance targets and current vulnerabilities and what should be possible to take out or alleviate the defenselessness (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012, p.512). Forestalling, getting ready for, reacting to, and recouping from debacles and crises are the medical caretaker jobs for crisis fiascos. Clinical judgment and dynamic aptitudes Public wellbeing nurses’ abilities are important to give brief lodging, with essential wellbeing needs, for example, water and food assets, for individuals who must empty their homes and gives a sheltered spot to eat, rest. Age points of interest are mulled over in view of weakness and care requirement for the more established grown-up populace and kids. Creating and testing frameworks for childcare and senior consideration during general wellbeing crises could diminish the weight of contending duties regarding medical caretakers (O’Boyle, Robertson, Secor-Turner, 2006). Kids require uncommon security, particularly nursing children, newborn children and under-fives (ODPEM, 1989). A few attendants gifted to rehearse securely and equipped are essential for quiet consideration in case of a calamity in the network. The medical caretakers must know about the ecological variables and the hazard they put to themselves and other during the calamity. The general wellbeing nurse’s information on the land areas of clinical offices and facility to ship patients genuinely harmed requiring care are imperative to all people include in the calamity. Attendants need consciousness of the encompassing clinical offices and administrations gave in their general vicinity, including substitute consideration locales and clinical asylums (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). The open medical attendants are taught, prepared andâ skilled to react rapidly to help in the calamity. Medical caretakers have special aptitudes for all parts of debacle to incorporate evaluation, need setting, joint effort, and tending to of both preventive and intense consideration needs (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012, p.511). The attendants give training and enthusiastic help to the network. It is the job of the general wellbeing attendant to speak with all medicinal services experts, for example, doctor, different medical attendants, crisis clinical group, the crisis facilitator, and local group of fire-fighters staff effectively taking part in the crisis debacle. Correspondence with human services members will help them in quickly setting up needs and fundamental activities during the crisis fiasco. Correspondence and joint effort among other human services experts is basic for conveying safe viable patient consideration all regions of care. The medical attendants arranged at the Baccalaureate level must know about laws and morals when making clinical decisions, and dynamic. Medical attendants consolidate basic reasoning, exploration and proof base practice, informatics, social affectability and mindfulness in their training when imparting data to other human services proficient. Medical caretakers arranged at the Baccalaureate level are instructed to utilize deferential correspondence and cooperation to help in care coordination, designation, and compromise in any circumstance when thinking about patients and individual in the network. Creating organizations among open and private human services, crisis the executives, and law requirement elements, while utilizing ebb and flow innovation to advance ideal malady recognizable proof and detailing, can improve the day by day limit of a network to react to sickness and infection paying little heed to greatness (CDC, 2013). Nursing Strategies There are methodologies medical attendants can use in crisis catastrophe before it happens. Work with the network giving instruction and educating to distinguish perils that could influence their neighborhood. Use correspondence methods holding open gatherings and occasions for the network outfitted towards improving the public’s comprehension of a debacle and how to address fiascos that may emerge. The wellbeing and security of the network following a calamity of any sort, along these lines, relies upon the capacity of its inhabitants to be â€Å"disaster ready.† (Adams, L., Canclini., S., 2008). Give clear inside and out data about the synthetic compounds perils and the significance ofâ an sorted out reaction to the crisis of a concoction plant blast. Energize associates, by expanding mindfulness that calamity do occur in our networks. give learned data about catastrophes. Set up programs with networks and offices rehearsing drills and correspondence methods. Drills upgrade trust in frameworks, people, systems, and hardware (O’Boyle, Robertson, Secor-Turner, 2006). Nursing initiative for counteraction, readiness and recuperation is basic to guarantee a multi-disciplinary, composed and proof based reaction for compound plant debacle. Albeit general wellbeing attendants can work in numerous limits, they are destined to be conveyed to the â€Å"operations section† in light of the fact that they bring administration limit, expansive comprehension of network frameworks, nursing information, aptitudes, and capacities (ASTDN 2007). During a general wellbeing crisis, word related wellbeing medical caretakers can be instrumentals in encouraging timetables and assignments that limit specialist introduction to genuinely and mentally over-whelming occasions (O’Boyle, Robertson, Secor-Turner, 2006). Limit mistakes attributable to the nonappearance of correspondence among wellbeing experts. Precise correspondence can diminish mishaps and fatalities, stress and passionate clash between social insurance experts and the network populace. To sum up this paper in short. General wellbeing nurses’ jobs are wide. The concentration for attendants in the networks is to forestall maladies, give instructing and training. The general wellbeing nurse’s experience and abilities in case of a crisis debacle advances a positive result. Step by step instructions to refer to Public Health Nursing Acts in Emergency Disasteres, Papers

Music as Social Commnetary

The finish of the Reagan Administration isn't commonly known for political activism but then during the exceptionally traditionalist Reagan years, the absolute greatest endeavors of music to battle the issues of the world started. John Cougar Mellankamp composed the collection, â€Å"Rain on the Scarecrow† and started the Farm Aid shows to cause to notice the vanishing American family far. Michael Jackson and the melodic tip top of the day composed and performed, â€Å"We Are the World† and Sir Bob Geldof caused to notice the African starvations with his multi-star execution and recording of â€Å"Do They Know It’s Christmas?† Into that political atmosphere, artist/musician Jackson Browne composed and discharged the tune, â€Å"How Long? † on his â€Å"World in Motion† collection discharged in 1989 (â€Å"Ontario Coalition Against Poverty† 1). Hypothesis runs high that Browne may have been legitimately tending to the issues of universa l destitution or may have been talking about the issue of Apartheid in South Africa, avery well known reason for the late 1980s. Browne, the German-conceived child of an American military picture taker, had become notable for his political activism.After composing for the absolute greatest names in the music business including The Byrds and The Eagles (Paris 1), Browne recorded his own music starting in the mid-1970s and coming full circle with his hits â€Å"Running on Empty† and â€Å"The Load Out (Stay)†. At that point, his in the past accommodating music transformed into political proclamation after political articulation. He composed an alliance of performers against atomic vitality after the Three Mile Island mishap and regularly expounded on legislative issues, saying,† nothing is more close to home than your political beliefs.† (Paris 1) But America of the late 1980s was in feel-acceptable mode. The divider was descending in Berlin, the Cold War at an end and the Soviet Union was disintegrating. The collection which highlighted â€Å"How Long† was the most noticeably awful presentation of Browne’s profession, other than his introduction collection when no one knew his name (Wade 1). The starvation in Ethiopia and different pieces of the world were huge news, however to a great extent disregarded with the exception of during feel-great aid ventures and vagrancy in America was an enormous issue as the Reagan period drove the gap between those who are well off and the poor significantly more distant apart.Browne, who was reproachful of dissidents and preservationists the same (Ward 1), worked the tune to get everybody out for their happy acknowledgment of the weapons contest and tremendous military financial plans. Others hypothesize that the tune identifies with the Anti-Apartheid endeavors. The South African emergency was large news during the Reasgan organization with Congress sanctioning exacting limitation on S outh African exchange, starting in 1986, and mainstream society consecrating Nelson and Winnie Mandela.And that enemy of Apartheid development was significant in mainstream society. Deadly Weapon 2 (1989) featured the issues including the race-based separation in South Africa that year the melody was discharged and the pioneer framework initiated by the Dutch didn't end until some other time. Tragically, in any case, the melody appears to be to a great extent lost in time, turning out in the principal year of the administration of George H. W. Hedge when the world acknowledged that the weapons contest was finished and social awareness was starting to take hold.It nearly seems like Browne missed the pontoon with â€Å"How Long† as he was condemning of the military mechanical complex which was at that point during the time spent destroying after the reunification of Germany and the breaking down of the Soviet Union. Moreover, the tune manages the issue of youngsters and starvat ion, yet didn't serve to cause specific to notice the issue around the world, conceivable because of the notions of the tune. The impulses of the tune make it hard to distinguish what social shamefulness specifically Browne planned to address and that may have been his point.While asking as a rule â€Å"How Long? † individuals were eager to endure social foul play the world over, Browne may have assisted with causing to notice both the requirement for atomic demobilization and the need to end Apartheid. We do realize that it requests that the audience think about the youngsters and their future. â€Å"How Long† starts with a section depicting the conceivable outcomes apparent in a child’s face and asks the audience, probably Americans and different residents of the world, to what extent the youngster would endure in the event that it were up to them (â€Å"How Long† Lines 1-8).The issue is that the offspring of the 1980s were not the blossom power age of the 1960s and the inconspicuously was lost. Asking â€Å"How long †would the youngster endure/How long †on the off chance that it was up to you† was not the source of inspiration required in the late 1980s. Oneself ingested age could without much of a stretch simply answer the question and overlook the source of inspiration underneath the words. In fact, there is no proof that the melody had any effect other than as an unpretentious token of what they saw day by day on the news. In the subsequent section, Browne gets somewhat more immediate with his prosecution of the audience yet neglects to call them to action.â€Å"When you consider the cash spent On safeguard by a legislature And the weapons of demolition we've constructed We're certain to the point that we need And you think about the millions and millions That cash could take care of How long †would you be able to hear somebody crying How long †would you be able to hear somebody biting the dust Befo re you wonder why? † (Browne, â€Å"How Long† Lines 9-16) Ultimately, Browne works superbly of calling attention to the political and social issues of the time, yet neglects to take a position on what ought to be done about it.There is a dubious thought that the legislature should quit burning through cash on rocket guard frameworks and atomic weapons for spending on social issues, however he never beseeches his crowd to make a move. Rather, the crowd can basically concur that indeed, it is an issue and afterward return to their own lives without interference or any adjustment in real life. Maybe the one spot where Browne’s work may be viewed as successful is in his last stanza, when he talks about the need to think about the globe uniquely in contrast to the blue and white and green picture seen from space (Browne, â€Å"How Long†).Finally, he asks to what extent until we â€Å"have something to offer where the planet’s concerned? † (â€Å" Browne, â€Å"How Long† Lines 38-39) Though the tune is commonly acknowledged as an enemy of military, ace social change melody, these last lines may have been impacted by his relationship with ecological dissident and entertainer Darryl Hannah and may imply the possibility that individuals need to make a move as to the world’s natural circumstance. In that manner, it might have had some constrained impact on open mindfulness about ecological issues.Realistically however, apparently the main genuine impact of Browne’s work may have been on his profession. Analyst David Marsh, notable for his editorial on awesome music, put it along these lines. â€Å"This is one time Jackson Browne did his words significant equity as a vocalist †it's just an extraordinary bit of singing, obvious, furious, tormented but then throbbing more than all else with an affection that is demonstrated once more to be lacking to hold a real existence together.The question while this m usic and the story unfurl isn't the way the artist will endure †he's as of now disclosed to us that †however how the audience will keep his poise sufficiently long to hear it through. † (Ward 1) The tune may well have been a noteworthy issue and totally fitting for the long perspective on history, yet in the way of life of the occasions, it was excessively antiquated, with insufficient call for direct action.Still, only a couple of years after the fact, Browne got his desire during the Clinton organization when the military mechanical complex was to a great extent destroyed, America’s standing armed force limited and world concerns brought to the cutting edge of American awareness. Politically-sanctioned racial segregation additionally fell in the interceding years, reaching a conclusion in 1994. When the melody had its ideal effect on spending needs, the dry spell had moved and the destitute was in Rwanda and Darfur and Americans had proceeded onward to anoth er music structure and again overlooked the destitute children.Just as Browne’s weep for equity came exceptionally late in the time of Apartheid, it came from the get-go in the call for natural activism and individuals missed its call to make the best choice and care for the offspring of the world. Works Cited Browne, Clyde Jackson. â€Å"How Long? † World in Motion, Elektra Records, 1989. Ontario Coalition Against Poverty, â€Å"Activism and dissent tune verses page† < http://www. ocap. ca/melodies/howlong. html> December 5, 2007. Paris, Russ. â€Å"Jackson Browne: Biography†. <http://www. jrp-designs. com/jb/jbbio. html>, December 5, 2007. Ward, Michael.â€Å"Jackson Browne: the Artist behind the Words† http://media. www. versusmag. organization/media/stockpiling/paper584/news/2003/10/22/Music/Jackson. Browne-547215. shtml>, December 5, 2007. To what extent by Jackson Browne When you investigate a kid's face And you're seeing human kind And the unlimited prospects there Where so much can work out as expected And you think about the wonderful things A youngster can do How long †would the kid endure How long †on the off chance that it was up to you When you think about the cash spent On barrier by a legislature And the weapons of decimation we've assembled

How Open Office Plans Affect Workplace Productivity

How Open Office Plans Affect Workplace Productivity QUICK INTRODUCTIONThe idea of open office plans has been gaining its popularity in the recent years.However, some people still doubt whether the open office layout can lead to employee productivity.There are also individuals who have worked in both open office layouts and cubicles and still, they cannot decide which of the two setups is better for them.This article will discuss how open office plans affect workplace productivity and what can be done for open office plans to fully work.WHAT IS AN OPEN OFFICE PLAN?Open office plan is an office layout where all the employees and office equipment do their work from a single room.Under an open office layout, every department is usually allocated its own space and all the team members from a given department are located in the same room.Most open office layouts are partitioned by shelves or filing cabinets.The main concept and aim of an open office plan it to improve collaboration, workflow, and employee communications. Many companies see walls as barriers to employee productivity and that is the reason why they opt to use open office layouts.Open office plan ideasOnce you come up with an open office plan concept, you will have endless open office layout possibilities.You can always utilize any open office space in different ways irrespective of its size and achieve maximum productivity.Here are a few open office plan ideas:Desk groups â€" here, you can group several desks together. This setup should allow the employees to face each other but still allow them to walk around their group. Desk groups are very effective for teams and departments because it allows the teams to communicate openly and still feel that they are separated from the other teams or departments sharing the same room.Reduce open-back visibility â€" most of the open office plans are just work desks lined against walls or placed in front of the windows to allow the workers get light that is more natural. Although this is one of the best layouts of a n open office, it is good to minimize the open-back visibility. Rather than having the employees face a window or the wall, you can try to turn the desks to face into the room and that way protects the privacy of their computer screens especially when dealing with sensitive corporate data.Diverse spaces â€" when designing an open office plan, you should understand that it is not necessary for it to have the same plan in the entire office space. You can create private spaces and unique groupings to accommodate different needs. For instance, you can design booths to allow employees have private phone calls as it helps in giving the employees a break from the office monotony as well as reduce the workplace anxiety. Additionally, you can add couches in the office as it also helps in encouraging employee movement in the office, thus affecting the office ergonomics positively.HOW OPEN OFFICE PLANS AFFECT WORKPLACE PRODUCTIVITYOpen office plans have their benefits as well as drawbacks.This means, implementing an open office plan can either improve or hurt workplace productivity.As a result, there have been mixed reactions from different people when it comes to the impacts of open office layouts.So, how does open office plans affect workplace productivity? POSITIVE IMPACTSEnhanced communication between employeesWhen an office does not have physical barriers, you are more likely to communicate with your fellow employees, thus improving teamwork.Enhanced teamwork, on the other hand, boosts the collaboration with your workmates and even the top management employees. Open office plans are also the best choice for freelancers who do not like working alone from their home.Open office plans allow such freelancers to rent shared workspaces/coworking space, thus giving them the opportunity to network and communicate with other freelancers. This is very beneficial to their wellbeing and it can improve their business through networking.FlexibilityOpen office plans can allow you to convert the office to different layouts on regular basis. These offices can be redesigned at any moment without large expense to the company’s budget.Open office plans can also allow you to accommodate more employees at a short notice when a big project comes along unexpectedly.As your company continues to grow, you can easily rearrange the open office layout to fit in more employees; whereas, other office layouts (like cubicle offices) would require you to expand the office space by looking for extra space to rent out, which can be very costly.Enhanced collaborationBy far, this is the greatest benefits of open office workplace plans. When you are working together with your fellow employees in the same office, then you will be likely to share your ideas and ask for input from each other.Although we now have many web-based tools that help with collaboration in our workplaces, person-to-person interaction is much better than these virtual tools.This is because we are social being s and workplace productivity can benefit from interpersonal communication.Improved relationshipsOpen office plans are very effective in building relationships between the employees, which also improves productivity amongst the employees. Cubicle offices can encourage you to work in a single-minded manner, which tends to be unproductive.Open plan offices, on the other hand, make you be more accessible and approachable. It also assists in leveling the playing field and bringing all the team members to the same level of shared information, which also improves productivity.It eliminates barriersMany companies are opting to use open offices because they want to eliminate the barrier between the supervisors and the employees. In open office plans, there are no separate offices for supervisors or managers, and this makes them be more approachable.Once the physical barriers are eliminated, even the CEO can work at the same office with the junior employees, and this makes them feel respected and valued equally.Because everyone in the office feels as the part of the same team, there is usually increased communication and innovation between the employees and the departments.Reduced costsApart from helping employees to work together and in harmony, open office plans also assist the employers in saving a considerable amount of money.When your company is not required to construct a lot of rooms and walls, it ends up saving a significant amount of money.Also, the company can easily construct extra workspaces in the open plan office in case it requires additional employees. In addition, open office plans are more economical when it comes to paying for heating, air conditioning, and electricity bills.Better employee healthA study has shown that sitting down and staring at your computer all day can cause you negative health effects.However, open office plan can be very beneficial for your health since its arrangement can encourage getting up and moving around more often.Further more, open office plans allow natural sunlight from outside and it increases airflow, thus enhancing air quality.As a result, employee alertness and focus are increased, thus improving productivity.NEGATIVE IMPACTSDistractionsOne of the greatest disadvantages of open office plans is the great levels of distraction. If you work in an open office, you will get to hear many conversations and other sounds (for example, mobile phone ringing) occurring around you, which are very distractive.In addition, working in open office plans makes you start noticing the annoying habits of your fellow employees, and this can also distract you from your work.Additionally, open office plans make you develop more innovative ways to prevent the noise from your fellow co-workers from reaching you so you remain focused and it makes you more considerate of other employees working. Privacy issuesIf you have ever worked in a cubicle office, then you will find it hard to work in an open office since it does n ot offer any privacy.Since open office plans require you to work in close quarters to someone else, you will find it hard to do some things like making private phone calls. In addition, the lack of barriers to an open office plan gives your boss the ability to monitor the employees.Even though this is very beneficial for the boss, it can have negative effects on you, especially if you tend to feel anxious when you are closely monitored.Mental health issuesSince open office plans come with increased distractions and lack of privacy, they tend to make employees feel stressed out.Actually, researchers have proved that open office plans make older employees feel discriminated. This, in turn, can cause cardiac issues, anxiety and other issues related to stressful workplaces.When such things happen, these employees quit, increasing the staff turnover rate of the company.Moreover, open office plans make the employees feel that they need to have the ‘productivity appearance.’ As a resul t, these employees start to overwork themselves and they end up being burned-out and ineffective in the end. Open-back visibility, associated with open office plans is also known to cause neurological issues like vertigo.Also, it can make you feel paranoid, especially if you are always looking over your shoulder.Physical health issuesSince open office plans do not have walls, there is a high possibility that an employee with flu or other contagious diseases can spread their viruses or bacteria to their fellow workers.If a significant part of the employees become sick, then the entire company’s productivity will be negatively affected, especially after a great number of their employees take sick leaves.Job satisfactionYes, it is true that open office plans affect employee satisfaction and morale negatively.Research has revealed that there is a direct correlation between reduced job satisfaction and open office plans. The research, which studied 21 employees who were moved to open o ffice plans revealed increased stress levels, the employees were unhappy and negative coworker relations.Six months later, the employees were still unhappy and their employee relations had not improved. HOW TO MAKE AN OPEN OFFICE PLAN WORKToday, many big companies such as Google, eBay, Yahoo and even Facebook have adopted the open office plans.This is because they believe that open office layouts provide more opportunities for employee collaboration, eliminate many phone calls and emails, boost employee relationships and improve transparency.In addition, some companies are switching to open office plans because of cost-saving benefits as well as they tend to attract millennials.However, there are certain things that you should do if you want your open office plan to result in increased productivity and employee satisfaction. These things include:Giving the office workers a choiceThe 2016 UK Workplace survey revealed that “…there is a correlation between workers who rate their or ganization highly on innovation and being able to have flexibility and choice in where to work at different times throughout the day”.The findings from surveying 1100 UK workers, pointed out if staff choose to work in the same shared workspace, they are happier than if they do not have that choice (4.1/5 compared to 3.7/5).This suggests that any fear the management might have of their staff members disappearing to work unobserved in a private location if such space was offered is not backed-up in reality, but also that the employer, if possible, should ask the employees what kind of space they prefer to work in.Optimizing the open office plan for positive workplace productivityOften, there are empty workstations because the employees are spending more time in meetings, or the employees are using most of their time moving from one workstation to another or employees installing desk lamps in their workstations. All of this is an indication of poorly designed office.When designing an open office plan and especially when buying the office furniture, you should always pay attention to both the available space and the desired productivity.You need to address the above-mentioned issues if you want the employees to be productive.So, the question remains â€" how can you optimize an open office layout?Try these few pieces of advice:Do your research â€" conducting research is one of the best ways to determine how your current office layout affects employee productivity. You can monitor your employees for a number of days, monitor how specific areas of the office are being used and even ask the employees to monitor their personal movements. Indications for poor open office layout can include things like employees meeting in the cafeteria because there is no space in the office to meet.Go for efficiency â€" the best way to track the movement of your employees is to determine how much they walk from one place to another within the open office. It is good to keep the emplo yees who work together or the same departments in the same place in an open office in order to boost collaboration. In addition, office equipment like the printer and fax machine should be located conveniently to allow easy accessibility for anyone who uses them.Allow natural light â€" natural light boosts employees’ morale, mood, productivity, and creativity. Therefore, it is essential, to ensure that every employee has access to natural light in the office. Gone are the days when it was believed that only the top executives should have an office with natural lighting. Design the office in a manner that will allow all your employees to access natural light and you will be surprised by the returns.Optimize acoustics â€" the biggest challenge in an open office layout is the increased noise levels. It is good to understand that noise can be a distraction to your employees and it can affect their productivity. Therefore, it is a good idea to ensure that you keep the noisier departmen ts together and separate these departments from the quieter ones (for example, marketing from accounting department). Also, ensure that the office has sound barriers surrounding noisy office equipment. Lastly, you can install carpets, ceiling tiles, and panel systems as they help in absorbing noise.Be mindful of wiring â€" sometimes the cords and wires coming out of the landline phones and computers in the workstations can make the office to look messy and untidy. In addition, these cords can be dangerous to the employees, particularly if they crisscross the walk areas anyhow. Therefore, it is a good idea to design the office in a manner which all the wiring is centrally located to avoid making the office look untidy and posing danger to the employees.Create cluster pods â€" these are also known as cluster workstations or circular core stations and they allow an organization to maximize its floor space and still give its employees a larger work surface and the privacy they desire. T his is usually a win-win for the company. When designing an open office layout, you should understand that there are various workstation design options that can allow you to use the space you have efficiently.Look after ergonomics â€" this is not only about preventing the employees from suffering from backaches or the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. You should ensure that the office has furniture that supports ergonomics as it helps in improving the employees’ mood and health, thus leading to positive productivity.Make space for human natureBy nature, humans are territorial. Everyone believes they need their own space, from ‘my space’ in the cafeteria to personal bubbles.At some point in time, you will need some space that feels like it has and it will give you some level of autonomy and control. While trends come and go, research has revealed that everyone needs personal space at their workplace.A recent report released by the State of the American Workplace revealed that employees a re likely to be more engaged and productive so long as they have a personal workspace.Therefore, employees can feel somehow demotivated if they lack their own personal workspace in the organization and this needs to be addressed. In addition, employees tend to get defensive when told to move from a cubicle office to an open office.Because of this, managers will be required to compromise if they want a successful office transition.There are two lessons that leaders can learn from here:Every employee should have his or her home base, even in the case of open office plans. This can be something like a personal table, chair, shelf or even a locker.You should expect to face negative reactions at the moment when you tell your employees that they must move into an open office. However, good communication and clarity of the reasons for this decision can assist in reducing or eliminating their negative reactions.Use physical space and cultural norms to create flexibilityInterestingly, compan y culture plays a very big role in determining the acceptable and unacceptable methods of working. Many offices have nonverbal signs that demand personal space. In private offices â€" it means closing the door, and in open-plan offices, it means putting on earphones.Once you move your employees into an open office plan, are they able to move to various places that signify that they need their own personal time?Does the office support personal phone calls or even allow private conversations with other employees? Lastly, does every employee understands and accepts these non-written rules and expectations?Every employee knows that it is hard for an employer to satisfy fully his or her needs every time and to predict how the business’ workflow might change in the days ahead.Every job has its work requirements, and every job requires workers who possess unique talents. If this is taken seriously, then we cannot have a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution in our workplaces.However, it is im portant for employers to provide different types of workspaces, ranging from booths, big group tables, comfortable chairs, both small and large meeting rooms, and even soundproof areas.All these should be provided in order to allow the employees have the freedom to choose where they can work best.According to research, employees who are allowed to move to various parts at their workplace are known to be more productive compared to employees who work from a single workstation.You should focus on the following three things if you want to create flexibility in the workplace:Be considerate how your employees convey the ‘Do Not Disturb’ signal nonverbally.Allow your employees to have different workspaces and give them the freedom to adapt throughout the entire workday.Give your employees an option to work remotely, as well as flextime options as long as the requirements of their roles allow them to do so.Redefine productivityThis is the most critical part when you want to make open o ffice plan to work. It all boils down to collaboration vs. productivity.Those who oppose open office plans have published different articles proving that open office plans have negative effects as they affect privacy and concentration. Therefore, they claim that these offices affect employees’ productivity.However, open office plans are known to promote employee collaborations. Brainstorming and idea-creation sessions can make employees start thinking in new ways.Some people claim that collaboration is not productive when perceived from a traditional office setup. This means that we might be forced to discover new ways to prove how collaborative environments bring business value.The following are some things that assist you to redefine productivity:Engage your employees in conversations about how the company understands the idea of collaboration improving productivity in the workplace.Have more coaching conversations with employees who report to different supervisors to assist the m in resolving their unclear expectations and priorities. TO SUM IT UPIf open office plans are done right, they give your employees the freedom to choose how they want to work.Also, it helps in creating a work environment where employees can develop organic brainstorming.Open office plans can lead to positive productivity when managers put into consideration the organization’s culture, the needs of the employees, and the nature of work done by your employees.

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 893 Words

Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’ is a play that ends tragically with death of the antagonist, Othello who commits suicide after smothering his wife to death. The other tragic death is Lago’s murder of Roderigo. Lago, who may be considered as the villain of the play, is in a way responsible for all the tragic deaths in the play. He is a schemer who is able to conceal his moves and is considered an honest person by almost every character in the play until the end of the play when it is discovered that he is treacherous and manipulative. Contrary to this perception by most of the characters in the play, Lago is a schemer who is manipulative and treacherous. He is envious of other characters especially Othello who appoints the inexperienced Cassio as a lieutenant and bypasses him. He is determined to revenge because of this and his desire to revenge spurs the tragedy in the play. This paper attempts to show how Iago s need for revenge leads to his murder of Roderigo, Ot hello s murder of Desdemona, and Othello s suicide. Though many readers and critics blame lago for the tragic events in the play, there are those who believe that he is not solely responsible for the tragic events of the play. According to such critics there are many other factors that spur the tragic events in the play. Cameron, one such critic, attributes the tragic events of the play to Othello. Cameron (573) observes: â€Å" Othello should be held responsible for some of the tragic events in the play. He is directlyShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the locati on of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. 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Literature And Art The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby,...

Many pieces of literature and art take place during an important event in history. The authors of the books and the artists wanted the reader or the observer to understand that the characters and the story they wrote or drew was based on their perspective of the era when their written books or painting. In this essay I will be talking about the events in literature (The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby, and Night) and art (The Scream, and The Persistence of Memory). I will be showing you example indication what event which books and art came from by showing you quotes or explaining how it related to what event. The first piece of literature I will talk about take place during The Lost Generation. The Lost Generation was a time after World War I a group of writers believed that a generation was â€Å"lost† in the sense that traditional beliefs was not important in the postwar world making many people seemed physiologically and morally empty. 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Dispersion and Its Types in Fiber Optics Free Essays

Dispersion: The speed of light is slower in various materials than it is in a vacuum or outer space. When the light passes into a material at an angle, the light beam is bent or refracted according to Snell’s Law and the index of refraction of the material. But also, the speed of light through a material varies slightly with the wavelength or frequency of the light. We will write a custom essay sample on Dispersion and Its Types in Fiber Optics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, each wavelength is refracted at a slightly different angle when passing through a material at an angle. This spreading out of beam of light is called dispersion. Types of Dispersions and ways to reduce: Chromatic Dispersion: Chromatic dispersion results from the spectral width of the emitter. It is a term used to describe the spreading of a light pulse as it travels down a fiber when light pulses launched close together(high data rates) spread too much and result in errors and a loss of information. The spectral width determines the number of different wavelengths that are emitted from LED or laser. One way to reduce chromatic dispersion is to narrow the spectral width of the transmitter. Chromatic dispersion can be compensated for with the use of dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF). Laser has a more narrow spectral width than LEDs. A monochromatic laser emits only one wavelength and therefore, does not contribute to chromatic dispersion. Modal Dispersion: Modal dispersion deals with the path (mode) of each light ray. Most transmitters emit many different modes. Lower order modes travel a shorter distance. Some of these light rays will travel parallel to the center of the fiber while repeatedly bounce off the cladding/core boundary to high order modes their way the waveguide. The modes that enter at sharp angles are called high-order mode, which having direction towards cladding. These modes take longer path to travel through the fiber than the low-order modes and therefore it cusses of modal dispersion. One way to reduce modal dispersion is to use graded-index fiber. The graded-index fiber’s cladding is doped so that the refractive index gradually decreases over many layers. Graded Index Fiber has a different core structure from single mode and multimode step index fibers. In Graded index fiber the value of the refractive index changes from the centre of the core. With a graded-index fiber, the light follows a more curved path. The high-order modes spend most of the time traveling in the lower-index cladding layers near the outside of the fiber. These lower index core layers allow the light to travel faster than in the higher index center layers. Modal dispersion can be completely eliminated by using a single-mode fiber. Single mode fiber transmits only one mode of light so there is no spearding of the signal due to modal dispersion. Material Dispersion: Material dispersion is the phenomenon whereby material causes a bundle of light to spread out as it propagates. We know that a laser pulse contains a continuum of wavelengths in a small range. The index of refraction of a material is dependent on the wavelength, so each frequency component actually travels at a slightly different speed. Material dispersion contributes to group delay, along with waveguide delay distortion, differential mode delay and multimode group delay spread. How to cite Dispersion and Its Types in Fiber Optics, Papers

Herodotus Essay Research Paper As Herodotus develops free essay sample

Herodotus Essay, Research Paper As Herodotus develops his History he diverges from the chief facet of his narrative many times throughout the text. Many wonder why Herodotus diverges from the chief point by presenting minor characters who do non look relevant to the cardinal subject. Some consider this method of narrative confusing and pointless but I believe that Herodotus has a intent for including these minor figures and that these characters help show Herodotus political orientation towards proper moral and political systems. These minor figures are developed and manipulated by Herodotus in order to show his thoughts and he is able to carry through this because these characters are flexible in the sense that the readers ( and hearers ) do non hold a sensitivity when introduced to these characters. By closely analysing the minor characters throughout book seven we realize Herodotus # 8217 ; purpose behind the inclusion of these characters is to show his beliefs on the proper ethical motives people should exhibi t and to demo how Tyranny is a hapless signifier of authorities. As the History unfolds Herodotus diverges from the cardinal thought by presenting characters which do non look to match with that cardinal subject. These diverges serve teach the reader as to Herodotus # 8217 ; position on moral issues. Herodotus expresses his position on the manner decease should be perceived by society through the words of Artabanus. Xerxes represents the common perceptual experience of decease when he is look up toing the enormousness of his ground forces and begins to cry because he realizes that they will all be gone in short span of clip. Artabanus tells Xerxes # 8220 ; Life is gives us greater juncture for commiseration that this. Short as his life is, no adult male is happy # 8230 ; but many times, to wish himself dead instead alive ( Artabanus 7.46 ) . # 8221 ; Herodotus is explicating through these words that decease should non be seen in a negative position because life brings adult male so much problems and anguish that he desires for decease to come upon him. Artabanus tells us of these problems when he says # 8220 ; For there are catastrophes that meet him and diseases that derange him, so that they make this life # 8230 ; look long ( Artabanus 7.46 ) . # 8221 ; Even though people may hold with Xerxes actions that decease should be pitied but Herodotus does demo that life brings calamity to adult male and that decease may move as an flight from these calamities. We are able to see the manner proper behaviour should be displayed when 1 has been dishonored harmonizing to Herodotus. In book seven Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse, is requested for helpers to conflict Persia by Athens. Gelon is ferocious with this petition because Athens dishonored him by declining to assist in the yesteryear. Gelon strongly tells Athens # 8220 ; When I begged you to bear a manus with me in the battle against a barbaric enemy # 8230 ; when I kept pressing you to revenge the slaying of Dorieus # 8230 ; you did non come aid, either for my interest or to revenge the slaying of Dorieus ( Gelon 7.158 ) . # 8221 ; Many people would non oppugn Gelon for non assisting the Athenians against the Iranian invasion since they have been dishonored and now are a Providence of Persia but he does offer the Athenians aid. Herodotus uses Gelon to demo how one should turn the other cheek when Gelon says # 8220 ; But though I have met dishonour from you, I will non be like you ( Gelon 7.158 ) # 8221 ; and he offers ships and soldiers to the Athenians. Herodotus shows that one should contend in conflict under any circumstance in different cases throughout book seven. As Xerxes Marches towards Greece he and his ground forces are provided nutrient, shelter, and money by Pythius. All that Pythius asks for in return for his # 8220 ; generousness # 8221 ; is that is firstborn boy does non travel to war with Persi a and stays to care for him. Xerxes is enrages with this petition because non contending is non acceptable by anyone non even to the male monarch himself. Xerxes says â€Å"Vile animal, I am myself processing to Greece, and with me are my kids, my brothers, my family, and my friends ( Xerxes 7.39 ) † and he punishes Pythius for even sing his boy non contending by slaying his eldest boy. Another illustration of Herodotus’ position on combat is when the Spartans are entrapped by the Persians and want to conflict to the decease. Leonidas one of the male monarchs of Sparta knew his destiny was to decease if he went to conflict the Persians because it was prophesied before the war began. His destiny was to decease but he still went to contend the Iranis at the conflict of Thermopylae and â€Å"for himself he thought it would be dishonourable to go forth ( Leonidas 7.220 ) .† Herodotus besides uses these diverges to show that Tyranny is a hapless signifier of authorities. Herodotus shows that Tyranny is a signifier of authorities that contains mistakes which are non good to the people or the province as a whole. Herodotus uses Artabanus to demo how a authorities controlled by one adult male is more susceptible to doing bad determinations. Artabanus is reding Xerxes non to pay war on Greece by stating him of the past errors of former male monarchs. He tells Xerxes # 8220 ; I told your male parent, my brother Darius, non to pay war against the Scythian # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; He made his run and returned, holding lost many good work forces from his ground forces ( Artabanus 7.10 ) . # 8221 ; He besides tells Xerxes of other yesteryear failed conquerings ; Cyrus # 8217 ; expedition against the Massagentae and Cambyses # 8217 ; onslaught on the long lived Ethiopians. Herodotus besides says through Artabanus that # 8220 ; It is a awful thing, even to hear , that all the power if the King should lie at the disposal of one adult male ( Artabanus 7.10 ) . # 8221 ; Some may state that all male monarchs have advisers that help him do right determinations but as Herodotus demonstrates the male monarch does non ever listen to his advisers sound advice as in the instance of Xerxes and Artabanus. In a Oppressive signifier of authorities the people within the authorities are non content functioning under a one adult male regulation, harmonizing to Herodotus. In book seven Xerxes asks Demaratus to state him how Greece will fair under when invaded by Persia # 8217 ; s monolithic ground forces. Demaratus tells the male monarch that he will talk the truth about the Spartans because it was requested of him and he says # 8220 ; in no manner will they accept our proposal bearing bondage to Greece, and the 2nd is that they will dispute you to conflict, even though all the other Greek were on your side ( Demaratus 7.102 ) . # 8221 ; Xerxes can non believe that the Spartans would contend against such odds but Demaratus explains that they fight for a greater cause so the Persians. He tells Xerxes # 8220 ; They have as the tyrant over them Law, and the fright him more so your work forces fear you ( Demaratus 7.104 ) . # 8221 ; Herodotus is showing that persons under the regulation of democracy are more content so persons under Tyranny because they fight more valorously for their authorities. Herodotus uses the debut of characters to diverge from the cardinal thought of his subject and he uses this technique to show his positions on moral and political subjects. These controversial subjects come up while he is blossoming his History and he uses these characters to show his ain sentiment on these topics. An illustration of Herodotus # 8217 ; confronts moral topics during his narrative when he talks about decease, giving to 1s pride, and honest combat. He besides uses these characters to demo that Tyranny is non a good signifier of authorities. Bibliography Herodotus Translated by David Green

Boeing Business Analysis Essay Example

Boeing Business Analysis Paper Boeing Business Analysis MGT/ 521 10/10/11 Boeing Business Analysis Before take the decision whether or not invest money in a company it is imperative to analyze the overall situation of the company. Boeing was selected for study because, as representing American big business at the millennium, the company was reputable an unsullied by financial scandals. Boeing is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, sale and support of the commercial jetliners, military aircraft, satellites, missile defense systems and services. Boeing is situated in the 36th position out to the fortune 500 which is very suitable however as the economy is changing it is imperative to perform a SWOT analysis in deep in order to know the company better and understand they overall situation. Strength By their power and influence Boeing has several strengths and one of them is the leadership in innovation. Inside the commercial jet industry and government sector Boeing is known a leader in innovation models of technology defined by their performance an supported by their technical expertise. Another one is that Boeing has a strong reputation of quality and long-standing costumer relationships. Therefore they have built the image of being a company constantly capable of delivering exciting new models that meet the stringent demand of their many and widely varied costumers. To finish whit strengths it is their successful participation in multiple, diverse market segments. Not only are they the market leader in the commercial jet industry, they have increased their share of the military and space markets. Lastly, the multiple markets allow them to preserve synergy between these businesses. Weaknesses We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Business Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Business Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Business Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As well as strengths Boeing has weaknesses that are important to address. First weakness and the most relevant to aim is the development cost for new products. Because this company is innovative and have a strong reputation in providing high quality the cost to produce their invocation is high. Second material to work whit. As a result these provoke a domino effect causing the delay in the conclusion of their projects production and the inability to predict a new production cycle. Lastly, Boeing has a strong position in the aerospace and defense industry. This strong position provides the company a competitive advantage. However, intense competition across all business segments of Boeing could erode the market share of the company and could also affect its profit margins. Opportunities Inside the opportunities Boeing has increasing demand for the commercial airplanes. This is derivate of the world challenge changing market and the rise of the new air business, as well as the rapid growth of air travel in the world’s wide. Also the emerging economies such as India and China are expecting to increase military modernization therefore this become an opportunity in the defense sector. Threats One of the threats is the intense competition in the aircraft market and the airline industry. The commercial jet aircraft market and the airline industry remain extremely competitive therefore Boeing faces aggressive international competitors being Airbus it principal competitor. Another threat is the great east Japan earthquake impact. Japan were forced to halt their operations due to severe damage caused by earthquake to their buildings and manufacturing facilities. Boeing is dependent on Japanese suppliers for aircraft components. Lastly threats is the increasing jet fuel prices. In recent past, the prices of jet fuel have increased sharply, hurting the bottom lines of most airlines. After reviewing the SWOT analysis, it is important to determine which stakeholders are most important in particular whether their interest and needs coincide whit the Boeing viewpoint. Internal stakeholders Employees: Boeing employees demand a safe and secure work environment that fosters communication, productivity, creativity, teamwork, and employee engagement. Also, employees require compensation and benefits that are fair and equitable for the type of work and geographic location (local market) where the work is being performed and competitive whit other word-class companies. Shareholders: The shareholders expectation is to obtain a profit and superior return on their assets. External stakeholders Government: which is the primary corporate stakeholder and the final arbiter of what corporations must do and Boeing is aware of their necessities. Because government is constantly changing and no government last forever, Boeing is entailed to complete all government ordinances such as taxes, employment law, international relationship, quality on their military instruments etc. Customers: Boeing deals whit its customers in a fair and impartial manner their business are won or lost on the merits of Boeing products and services making special efforts and focus on providing customers whit accurate and valid information. Communities: Corporate citizenship is the responsibility of the entire Boeing community. The Boeing Company recognizes the critical role it plays in the many diverse communities where they have presence, and they take that role seriously. Their sustained involvement in the community is an important element of Boeing culture and integral part of the way they do business. Boeing maintains their commitment to good citizenship by contributing cash, in-kind and surplus donations, and the expertise of our people. Also, they support programs that encourage the charitable generosity and volunteer spirit of their employees and retirees. Workplace giving is focused through the Employees Community Fund, which is the largest employee-owned charitable organization in the world. Boeing people at every level are encourage to become involved in their communities, and they recognize outstanding community service through annual awards for employee and retiree volunteers. Suppliers: The relationship whit their third-party providers, including consultants and contact labor, are definite by contracts, which are base on lawful, ethical, fair and efficient practices. Boeing relationship whit suppliers are based on mutual trust, integrity and comminent to the highest ethical principles. Procurement decisions are made based on factor such as quality, service, price, delivery, and best value. Care is taken to avoid conflicts and the appearance of partiality. Also the expectation of the supplier are based in three main proposes. First, to promote full and open competition based on their specification and evaluation criteria that allow suppliers to respond. Second, to obtain the best possible products and service at the best value. Third, to eliminate waste, fraud and abuse. In summary Boeing is committed to the highest standards of ethical and business conduct as it relates to the procurement of goods and services. Boeing ensures their success by satisfying their customers and increasing shareholder value. In addition Boeing is committed to the highest standards of ethical and business conduct as it relates to the procurement of goods and services. The relationships whit their costumer, employee, third-party providers, including our consultants and contract labor, are defined by contracts, which are based on lawful, ethical, fair and efficient practices.

Crime in America essays

Crime in America essays Every year half a million college students are targets of bias-driven slurs or physical assaults. Every day at least one hate crime occurs on a college campus. Every minute a college student somewhere sees or hears racist, sexist, homophobic or otherwise biased words or images. No campus advertises its crimes or bias incidents; some even hide records and facts from the public eye to avoid having bad reputations. But crime happens, and its scars remain for months, sometimes years. It is, in the words of one expert, The background noise of students lives (Tolerance 1). The best way to fight campus crime is for the students to come together and fight to make a difference. Crime happens on campus, and it happens more than some people realize. Crimes and incidents happen a lot of times because it is students first-time with freedom, or first-time exposure to diverse communities. The big problem with crimes is that victims do not report what happened to them because of the fear of reprisals, embarrassment, and a belief that nothing will be done. A lot of students feel ashamed and are afraid to tell their parents. However, victims are not the only ones not reporting these crimes, college administrators and campus police departments also fail to report and investigate such crimes. The reason for this is that no college wants a reputation of any kind of criminal activity on their campuses, so denial is widespread (Tolerance 2). This was the case at Lehigh University where a 19 year old freshman Jeanne Ann Clery was brutally raped and murdered in her dorm room on April 5, 1986. What Jeanne and her parents did not know was that there were 38 viol ent crimes that happened on Lehigh campus 3 years before her murder. Jeanne parents joined together with other victims and persuaded Congress to enact the Jeanne Clery Act. The Jeanne Clery Act is the landmark federal law, or ...

This is the idea report of Small Business Management Assignment - 1

This is the idea report of Small Business Management - Assignment Example Market conditions tend to have significant effect on the viability of a business. While conducting market analysis certain strategic tools are required. Keeping the objective in mind PEST analysis of Australia has been conducted. Special emphasis has been to the city of Sydney while conducting a PEST analysis. A part from this the 4 P’s of marketing has also been used to provide a future action plan. The in-depth analysis has been punctuated with a brief market audit of the Australian Restaurant and cafà © market to analyze the present and future market scenario as well as growth opportunities (Burgemeister, 2009, p.25). Mainly due to the unrestricted spending nature of the restaurants, the industry has come across certain difficulties in trading. Due to the recent economic down turn consumers decided to control their spending and decided to eat at home more of than not. However the preference of gourmet coffee among of the coffee has been quite evidently visible. This is largely due to the fact that the Aussies view quality coffee like a luxury product at an affordable price. If numbers are to be believed more than one billion cups of coffee have been sold in Australia. The percentage of out of home consumption of coffee has seen a steady rise. According to analysts as the economic conditions are set for improvements, steady growth of the cafà © and restaurant business is expected over the course of next five years and so. Such growth is applicable as there is likely to be presence of both international players as well as other franchises (Henry, 2008, p.51). The cafà © and restaurant industry of Australia can be tagged as highly competitive. The main reasons can be presumed as very low barriers to entry. Add to that the industry is believed to be highly fragmented. According to reports the major players hold less than ten percent of the total market share. The small

Marketing strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing strategies - Essay Example This paper applies different marketing concepts and strategies to analyze Starbucks Cafà ©. Starbucks Cafà © is a world leading retailer in specialty coffee drinks with over 15,000 stores across 43 countries (Annual Report: Starbucks, 2007). Last year the company total global amounted to $10.31 billion (Yahoo, 2008). The company follows two major marketing philosophies which are the customer concept and the societal marketing concept. The application of the customer concept at Starbucks is achieved through the company vision of providing the best customer service in the industry. At Starbucks customer service is not just a business function it is integrated into the corporate culture. This company whose core business is selling quality coffee beverages has become a global icon of popular culture in the United States and worldwide. At Starbucks coffee is not just a drink, it is a complete experience. People go to Starbucks because it offers an eccentric comfortable atmosphere that is created by the company’s partners (employees). Starbucks offers a variety of the best tasting top quality coffees in the world. The clients are enticed to stay around the stores and hangout to enjoy some of the company’s other products and services such as coffee merchandise, fresh foods, consumer and entertainment products which include high speed wireless internet access (Starbucks). In 2006 Starbucks was ranked number ten in customer service in the world by BusinessWeek for their friendliness, knowledge and availability (Businessweek, 2007). Customer service is a strategy that is integrated in the entire supply chain. At Starbucks the customer service philosophy starts with the coffee farmers & makers and its suppliers of materials. Starbucks builds close relationships of mutual benefit with its suppliers to ensure the company obtains the possible price and on time delivery. The

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform Lachlan Donnet-Jones Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Australia. One of the primary causes of SCD is cardiac dysrhythmias, such as, Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). The most effective treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias is defibrillation. This essay will examine the relationship between cardiac activity and the Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) waveform, and discuss how defibrillation may terminate this dysrhythmia, allowing the heart to return to a normal rhythm. The typical healthy adult heart will have a resting heart rate of between 60 and 100 beats per minute (Saladin, 2011). When the heart beats abnormally fast, it pumps less effectively, which decreases the level of perfusion to the tissue of the body, including the heart itself. This rapid heart rate increases the hearts muscle tissues (myocardium) demand for oxygen, and without intervention, can lead to the death of myocardial cells, which is known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Huazers, 20). Each year in Australia approximately 55,000 people suffer a heart attack, or an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This is equal to 150 heart attacks per day or one in every 10 minutes (Heart Foundation). The Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that over 350,000 Australians will suffer an AMI at some point in their lives (ABS, health survey). In Trappes’ 2012 research article, Trappe notes that there is no single factor that causes an AMI, it is a multifactorial problem, however, approximately ninety percent of AMI’s are caused by tachyarrhythmia’s (Trappe, 2012). Before one can gain a thorough understanding of dysthymias, it is necessary to develop a fundamental grasp of the heart’s electrical conduction system and the associated physiology and pathophysiology. The primary function of the electrical conduction system is to transmit electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) (normal site of conception) down to the atria and ventricles, triggering a contraction of heart muscle (myocardium) and controlling the heart rate. In a normal sinus rhythm, originating from the SA node, there are three phases; atrial depolarisation, ventricular depolarisation and atrial and ventricular repolarisation. The SA node is found within the wall of the right atrium proximal to the entrance of the superior vena cava. Similar to all electrical nodes within the heart, the SA node is composed of pacemaker cells which generate automatic and regular electrical impulses. These electrical impulses travel through the walls of the right atrium, causing contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium), to the atrioventricular node (AV node) via internodal conduction tracts (anterior, middle, and posterior). A final SA node conduction pathway, known as Bachmann’s bundle (interatrial conduction tract), transmits electrical impulses across the heart to the left atrium. On an electrocardiogram (ECG) this atrial depolarisation is represented by the P wave. The fibrous annulus is a non-conductive layer of tissue which prevents the electrical impulse from travelling outside the perimeter of the atrium. The primary function of the AV node is to process the electrical impulses from the atria to the bundle of His in a way that slows the impulses arrival at the ventricles by approximately 0.12 seconds. This delay allows for the atria to empty and the ventricles to fill before the next contraction. After the bundle of His, the electrical impulse will travel down the right bundle branch and the left common bundle branch. These bundle branches continue to subdivide into smaller branches, the smallest of which connect to the Purkinje network, an elaborate mesh of minute Purkinje fibres which spread throughout the ventricles. In a normal functioning heart it will take an electrical impulse approximately 0.2 seconds to travel from the SA node to the Purkinje network in the ventricles. On an ECG, this is shown as the P-R interval. At this point the impulse causes the ventricles to contract, pumping the blood out of the ventricles and into the systemic circulation. This depolarisation of the ventricles is represented by the QRS complex. Immediately following a QRS complex, is a period of time in which there is no electrical activity in the myocardium. This is known as the S-T segment and is normally represented as a flat line, level with the isoelectric line of an ECG. The proceeding T wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricles to their resting state. If at any point in this process the electrical impulse is disturbed, it can create a cardiac dysrhythmia, such as if the SA node were to produce rapid electrical impulses, resulting in tachycardia (fast heart beat). Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a type of tachycardia that originates within the inferior chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. The ventricles are the primary pumps of the heart, therefore, when they are compromised it can quickly deteriorate into a life-threatening dysrhythmia, such as, ventricular fibrillation (VF) or asystole (Chou, 2008). The diagnosis of VT is made by examining the rhythm seen on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Although numerous diagnostic criteria have been developed, such as the ‘Brugada Criteria’ (Brugada, 1991), the following are the most commonly accepted (Riley, 2008). The rate of VT is above 100 per minute, typically 150 to 200, with a regular rhythm. The R-S complex is absent in precordial leads, and there are three or more consecutive Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) present (AV dissociation). The ectopic pacemaker is below the Atrioventricular node (AV node), therefore, the PR interval is irrelevant. In addition, different ambulance services will have their own specific diagnostic criteria for VT, for example, Ambulance Tasmania (AT) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG’s) state that the rhythm must present with QRS complexes of over 0.12 seconds, and be sustained for a period of over 30 seconds (sustained VT). VT can be classified using three methods; morphology, episode duration, and symptoms. In regards to morphology, there are two primary categories of VT; monomorphic and polymorphic. Monomorphic VT has numerous causes, but is determined by consistent appearance across all leads of an ECG. A common reason that the beats from each lead appear the same, is because the impulse is being generated from an increased rate of automaticity in a single point from the left or right ventricles. This means that the pacemaker cells, such as the Purkinje fibres in the left and right ventricles, that are able to reach an action potential on their own accord (automaticity), have increased the rate at which they fire impulses (intrinsic rate). Another reason for monomorphic VT is due to the presence of a re-entry circuit within the ventricle. A re-entry circuit occurs when an electrical impulse constantly travels in a constricted circle within the heart, as opposed to moving from one end of the heart to the other, like a normal electrical impulse circuit. Although monomorphic VT has many causes and contributing factors, the most common cause is scarring of the myocardial tissue from a previous MI episode. The scarred tissue left behind does not conduct electrical impulses, and therefore, the potential for a circuit around the scar can result in tachycardia. This is similar to the aforementioned re-entrant circuit, and is a common cause of other dysrhythmias, such as, atrial flutter (Af) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Scar-related monomorphic VT is predominantly prevalent in patients who have a previously survived a MI, particularly in those who have damaged myocardium as a result (John, reference). Unlike the cons istent rhythm seen is monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT is an irregular rhythm that has constant variations in its morphology. A second method to define VT is studying the duration of the episode. Three or more consistent contractions on an ECG, originating from within a ventricle at over 100 beats per minute, is determined as VT. If the tachycardia rhythm terminates itself in under 30 seconds, it is considered non-sustained VT. If the rhythm continues beyond 30 seconds, it is considered sustained VT. The final method to classify VT is reviewing symptoms. When a patient is in VT, the loss of co-ordinated atrial contraction and high heart rate can impair cardiac output (CO), and therefore, they will not have a palpable pulse. This is known as Pulseless VT. Pulseless VT is concomitant with an absence of cardiac output (CO), and therefore, according to AT clinical practice guidelines, is to be treated as worst case scenario, which is ventricular fibrillation (VF), a shockable rhythm (CPG Reference). In a report from the American College of Cardiology, Zipes et. al note that VT can occasionally be accompanied by reasonable cardiac output and may even present as asymptomatic, however, the heart will not tolerate this rhythm for a sustained period of time, and will eventually deteriorate to pulseless VT or VF. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) with a bundle branch block (BBB) or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is commonly misdiagnosed as VT (Trappe). This is due to the similar diagnostic characteristics, such as, wide QRS complexes and high heart rates, which are mutual in all wide complex tachycardia (litfl). It is important to differentiate the two because certain medications used to treat SVT could potentially worsen the patient’s condition. As Trappe notes in his research article ‘Treating critical supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias’, it is always beneficial to treat for the worst case scenario, in this case, VT (Trappe, 2010). This opinion is mutual in regards to Ambulance Tasmania CPG’s, where it recommends treating for worst case scenario. Once a shockable dysrhythmia has been recognised, it is necessary to intervene with an external source of electrical activity to correct the hearts rhythm. Defibrillation is the standard and most effective treatment for cardiac dysrhythmias, such as VT and VF (Reference). Defibrillation is the process of using a device called a defibrillator to deliver a therapeutic measure or ‘shock’ of electrical current through the heart. The current delivered, aims to depolarise a critical mass (Critical mass theory**) of the heart muscle (myocardium), interrupting the dysrhythmia and allowing the heart’s natural pacemaker, the SA node, to return to a normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillators are becoming widely available in the form of transvenous, implanted (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator), or external (automated external defibrillators) devices. Despite the different forms a defibrillation device may present in, they all operate on the same principle. There are two different methods of delivering an electrical shock from a defibrillation device; monophasic and biphasic waveforms. Monophasic is the ‘old’ method in which the electrical current travelled in one direction through a patient’s chest. The second method is using a biphasic waveform, meaning the current is delivered to the heart in two vectors (two directions). Due to the use of two vectors, the peak electrical current needed to revert a dysrhythmia is decreased to 200 joules, as opposed to 360 joules of a monophasic waveform. Due to the high voltage (360 joules) used in monophasic waveform it can cause superficial burns to the patients skin. Additionally, _____ found the use of a biphasic waveform to be more effective at returning the heart to a sinus rhythm and resulted in less damage to myocardium, leading to better patient outcomes (Reference) . ____ notes that for the aforementioned reasons, monophasic waveform defibrillation is quickly being replaced with biphasic (Reference). Page 1 of 5

Internal And External Factors Effect The Levels Of Management Essay

How Internal And External Factors Effect The Levels Of Management For a company to be successful in the long term today, they must be diverse. The company needs to be able to adapt to changes. The need for these changes can present themselves from many angles. Some would include changes in the economy, marketing, or even a change in the target audience. A company has to look at more than just the four levels of management. Organizations must look at how internal and external factors can affect the four levels of management, and adjust accordingly for these changes to be successful in today’s world. Diversity  There are many types of diversity, racial, ethnic, cultural, age, gender, and geographic. But diversity can also include experience and skills. A company’s ability to survive depends on their ability to adapt to current changes. The diversity within a company must be taken into consideration during the four functions of management. The most successful companies will be those that recognize the power of diversity in their workforce and in the product mix, and effectively create products and services that appeal to their increasingly diverse customer base. By including diversity in the planning stage, Amazon. om would reflect diversity in their business. This would results in better products and a wider range of consumers giving them an advantage over competitors. The company must understand its’ organizational structure, and the social and cultural perspectives of its’ employees in order to be effective, efficient, and promote an environment suitable for progress. Employees who are diverse in skills, experience, and background help to builds a strong organizational foundation. Increasing globalization requires companies to have more interaction with diverse cultures and backgrounds. Organizations must be prepared to teach themselves and their employees to value multicultural differences. Management must motivate their employees to attend diversity training in order to be educated on different cultures and traditions and to respect these differences. Diversity is critical to a company’s success. We are part of a worldwide economy with global competition. Diversity can increase productivity, marketing opportunities, recruitment, and the organization’s image which, in turn, can increase profits (Leading With Diversity, nd). Globalization Globalization has changed the face of business. In today’s business market, international business is necessary in order to gain an advantage. Amazon. com understands this requirement. With the formation of the Internet and Internet marketing, globalization was a beneficial perk which changed the business market, providing a way for companies to reach businesses and customers from around the globe at the click of a mouse. Amazon. com was created to work in the global business environment through the Internet. The company handles B2B and B2C relations and transactions. Amazon. com uses an online customer data base to keep up with the demands of customers. The company created an Internet e-business model, and built up from these based on information obtained from customers. â€Å"The company’s strong infrastructure supports its mission to be the leader in e-commerce,† (â€Å"A Conceptual Analysis f the Key success of Business in â€Å"terms of Internet Marketing, 2012). Customers are always looking for convenience in today’s global economy. Amazon. com uses technological innovation to drive growth and deliver convenience to its customers. An online business, such as Amazon. com, bases goals for â€Å"Planning† on these factors. In order to deliver strategic value, a company such as Amazon. com works to extend globally to reach customers and retailers internationally. Amazon. com began with a B2C platform, but management saw the potential to be an online global leader by handling B2B relations as well. When Organizing, management adds software, e-commerce capabilities, and access for businesses to use the online company’s resources. Amazon. com has created a global online business through proper planning and organizing that delivers strategic value. Management Leading can mobilize and motivate employees. Amazon. com has extended its sales and products through extended branches in different parts of the world to provide services anytime and anywhere through the Internet and globalization. Through the Controlling process of management, online companies such as Amazon. com have continuously improved and expanded services to all over the world. As a result of success through correctly utilizing the four functions of management, Amazon. com is a leading fortune 500 company who uses globalization through the World Wide Web to deliver fast, successful services to customers and retailers. Without the possibility of globalization through technology, e-commerce would not be enough for the company to stay on top. Technology Technology is constantly changing and considerably hard to keep up with. Because of these changes, managing at Amazon. com would definitely be a challenge. Managers must start with the planning phase by evaluating and determining consumer’s needs for buying, selling, using, and shipping which can show both internal and external growth. Personal data is shared online and is protected to ensure safe transactions. Amazon. com ensures that identity theft is never an option through their technology. Organizing all the data gathered from technology can also help management keep track of trends, sales, and possible returns. Once this information is shared among management, they are then able to lead employees with training on how to implement new technology like software, security protection on servers. Amazon. com also ensures employees are adhering to company policy with the use and access of services online. The controlling phase of management is completed by watching over the progress of smart phone applications, Internet home use, and shipping sales. By watching progress and being sure initial goals and challenges are being met, the security of consumer information and products are not being put to risk, and if a problem arises, management can catch it early enough to take care of the situation. With technology making access to Amazon. com so much easier for consumers, the management of this constant changing technology can be a huge challenge with so many options for access and keeping the information protected with encryptions. Innovation With an ever changing market, a great business has to be able to become what the consumer needs at any given moment. This requires innovation. Innovation involves any new idea, product, process, technology or service that a business introduces to its consumer. When it comes to innovation and the planning process, a business needs to be aware that factors such as the market, the customer’s current needs, and even what products competitors have released, can affect the current business plan. There needs to be flexibility in the business plan to account for these changes. A business needs to have leaders who are able to understand how their business is being currently run and how it can be run in the future. This allows them to see ow changes in the business plan might affect all aspects of the business. A business manager needs to be open-minded and encourage its employees to share their ideas on new business models, new ways to make a profit and even ways to improve existing business methods so that the current business plan is both innovative and effective. When it comes to innovation and the organizing process, a company needs to be aware of the current business plan at all times. The need for a business to be innovative and adapt to the changes in the market can cause all four functions of management to need adjusting frequently. If the business plan is changed, the company needs to re-gather and assign all its resources, employees and finances to ensure that the new plan can be implemented fully and in an organized manner. Innovation affects this function of management in a more indirect way; by changing the planning process, the directing process changes. When a company decides to change their business plan, they have to re-direct the staff. When evaluating the staff, the manager needs to be sure that they are on track to meet the goals outlined in the planning process. Innovation can cause the goals to change, thus causing managers to re-evaluate the employees to be sure they are still on track. Ethics Every business is run by a set code of ethics. Ethics are different for every person, as they are an individual’s personal take on what is right and what is wrong. A business uses a code of ethics to ensure that every employee abides by the same set of standards and upholds the values of the organization with which they work. When it comes to the planning process, ethics play a key role. The company needs to know how they want their business to appear to the public and develop their plan around that. If a company wants to appear ethical and trustworthy to its customers it has to provide great customer service at all times. This meant that Amazon. com had to create a safe site, a quality product, and be sure to deliver the product promptly. When it comes to organizing and ethics, Amazon. com had to be sure to keep all resources, employees, and finances in order to keep their word on the quality of both their product and their delivery times. For the customer to believe that Amazon. com is an ethical and trustworthy site requires employees and resources to be organized at all times. When it comes to leading their employees, it is important to be sure that they are not only on task but also following the company’s code of ethics. If having a safe site, a quality product, and prompt delivery is important to Amazon. com; it needs to be important to all their employees as well. When analyzing the progress being made, the manager needs to also be sure that the staff is remaining diligent in their efforts to ensure quality customer service. Ethics are found in every facet of a company and therefore they need to be monitored regularly. Conclusion There is so much more that goes into maintaining a successful business in today’s competitive marketplace than just the four levels of management. The company must always be aware of and be able to adapt to many changing factors. These factors come from many places in the marketplace. Some are external and the company will have little to no control over these and must simply adapt. However the internal factors can be controlled by the company through monitoring and policy changes. The company that can notice the changing factors and integrate and adapt to these changes will be successful in today’s competitive marketplace.